Penetrating oil



No Drawing.

United States Patent 3,180,829 PENETRATlNG OIL Finch B. Cobb, hannelview, and Lemuel 1L. Leach, In,

and Joseph A. Snyder, Baytown, Tern, assignors, by

mesne assignments, to Ease Research and Engineering (lornpany, Elizabeth, N..ll., a corporation of Delaware Filed Sept. 27, 1962, Ser. No. 226,724 1 Claim. (Cl. 252-333) The present invention suitably involves a penetrating oil containing about 60 to about 90% by volume of the aromatic naphtha, about 4 to about 21% by Volume of the lubricating diluent oil, about 3 to about 0.6% by volume of calcium sulfonate, about 6 to about 1.4% by volume of calcium-barium nonyl phenol sulfide and about 10.0 to about 2.0% by volume of isopropyl oleate.

The composition of the present invention may suitably be made up within the ranges shown in Table I.

Table 1 Percent by volume Heavy aromatic naphtha (345-560 F.) 60.0-92.0

Calcium sulfonate 2.8-0.6 Diluent oil 20.6-4.1 Calcium-barium nonyl phenol sulfide 6.61.3 Isopropyl oleate 10.02.0

The aromatic naphtha employed in the present inven tion suitably boils within the range from about 345 to about 560 F. This aromatic naphtha may be obtained by fractionating crude petroleum or it may be a solvent extract of a crude petroleum fraction. The aromatic naphtha may have an aromatic content from about 70.0 to about 95.0% by volume.

The lubricating diluent oil may be a treated lubricating oil and suitably may be a blend of various lubricating oil fractions. The lubricating oil used as a diluent suitably may have the characteristics as shown in Table II which follows: i

Table II Boiling range. F-.. 700950 650825 700850. Gravity, A.P.I 3] Min 28 Minn" 27 Min. Viscosity S.S.U. 145-155---- 95-105..... 200-210. Pour, F +15 Max -25 Min" -20 Max.

Flash, F., GOO 375 Min. Neutralization No VI 4 Aniline Point, F..- 195 Min.

1 Used as a %-i0% blend of (2) and (8).

The lubricating diluent oil may be the lubricating oil shown in column (1), Table II, or may be a 60%40% blend of the oils shown in columns (2) and (3) of Table II.

The calcium-barium nonyl phenol sulfide is a compound in which the phenolic groups are linked by the sulfur atoms. This compound may contain from about 3 to 5 phenol radicals and the connecting sulfur atoms may vary from 1 to 5 sulfur atoms between two phenol 3,189,829 Patented Apr. 2?, 196 5 ice units. A method of making the phenol sulfide is described in the Mikeska et al. U.S. Patent 2,488,134. It is contemplated that other phenol sulfides may be used such as the alkaline earth metal sulfides, for example, calcium, barium, and strontium sulfides. Similarly, alkyl sulfides may be used in which the alkyl radical has 4 to lil'carbon atoms.

Likewise, other compounds and other phenol sulfides disclosed in the Mikeska et al. patent, supra, may be used in'the present invention, which compounds are incorporated by reference herein.

The fatty acid ester employed in the present invention is preferably isopropyl oleate which imparts ash-free properties to the composition. of the present invention, but other film-strength improvers may be used such as the esters of the fatty acids as illustrated by oleates,

stearates, wax acid esters, and the like.

The alkaline earth metal sulfonate is preferably calcium alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonate but other alkaline earth metal sulfonates may be used. The alkaline earth metal sulfonate is prepared from alkylated benzene alkylate bottoms such as a C to C alkyl benzene; preferably tertiary olefinis employed as the alkylating olefin.

In order to illustrate the invention further, three compositi ns of the improved mineral oil were made up in accordance with the components shown in the following Table III.

These compositions were tested by determining the reduction in torque in freezing rusted nuts from bolts. In this technique, specimens of /2 by 4 inch bolts having 2 inch minimum thread length had /2 inch hexagon nuts threaded thereon. In preparing for the test, all threads were chased using the same tap and die. All specimens were cleaned of oil, grease and foreign material using acetone and a still brush. The specimen was then dried thoroughly and one nut was threaded on each bolt to a distance sufiicient to leave sufficient threads for placing a second nut thereon. The bolthead and nut were clamped in a vise and the second nut was then placed on a bolt and the nuts were tightened with a torque of inch-pounds. The several specimens were exposed to rusting conditions in live gallons of Water which was blown with air until the desired rusting condition prevails, which is a minimum of 400 inch-pounds torque required to break the nuts free after air drying overnight when the bolt and the first nut are held in a vise. After the rusting criterion is met, the specimens are drained and dried in air overnight. The torque required to unlock five specimens is measured with-out employing any oil. Thereafter, the composition of the present invention is placed in a container having an oil depth sulficient to cover both nuts on each bolt specimen. Five rusted bolt specimens are dipped in each oil for a 15 second-interval and the oil allowed to drain for 5 minutes. Then, holding the bolthead and the first nut in a vise, the second nut is unlocked recording the torque required to accomplish same.

The total time from the dipping of the first specimen to the time of applying torque should be five minutes and 15 seconds. The procedure is then repeated allowing the specimen to drain or penetrate for 30 minutes with the total time from dipping to application of torque being 30 minutes and 15 seconds. a

As a result of this procedure on testing several specimens, composition No. 2 in Table III for a 5-minute soak period showed an average reduction in torque of 21.6%, composition No. 1 for this same period of soaking showed an 18.6% torque reduction, while composition No. 3 showed a 17.0% reduction in torque.

For the 30-minute soak period, composition No. '2 showed an average reduction in torque of 34.6%, composition No. 3 showed an average reduction in torque of 24.8%, and composition No. 1 showed an average reduction in torque of 17.3%.

These data show that the improved penetrating oil is quite valuable and useful in freeing threaded connections. other penetrating oils available on the market, improved results are shown for the present invention. The invention is therefore quite desirable and useful.

The nature and objects of the present invention having been fully described and illustrated and the best mode thereof set forth, what we wish to claim as new and useful and secure by Letters Patent is:

A penetrating oil comprising a solution of about 60% When comparing the improved penetrating oil to to about 92% by volume of an aromatic naphtha boiling within the range from about 345 to about 560 F. and containing about to about 95% by volume of aromatics, about 4% to about 21% by volume of a lubricating diluent oil boiling within the range from about 650 to about 950 F. and having a minimum A.P.I. gravity of about 27, a viscosity SSU at F. from about 95 to about 210, a minimum pour point of about 25 F., and a flash point of 330 F. minimum, about 3.0% to about 0.6% by volume of calcium alkylated aromatic rydrc-carbon sulfonate having 6 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, about 6.0% to about 1.4% by volume of calcium-barium nonyl phenol sulfide wherein two phenolic groups are attached by a sulfur atom and about 10.0% to about 2.0% by volume of isopropyl oleate.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,041,076 5/36 Lincoln et a1 25211 2,448,093 8/48 Gittings 2529 2,467,178 4/49 Zimmer et al 25249.9

FOREIGN PATENTS 776,455 6/57 Great Britain.

DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner. 

